In Estonia three types of shale tar have been used as alternatives to anthracene oil or carbolineum.

在爱沙尼亚，已有三种页岩焦油用作蒽油或氯化蒽油的替换物。

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Our known fossil fuel reserves are soaring. New finds of coal, natural gas, oil, tar sands, and oil shale keep growing, not declining.

已知的矿石燃料储备猛涨；不断有新的煤矿、天然气、石油、焦油砂和油页岩被发现；人口数量也在增长。

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For instance, Craig Venter's Synthetic Genomics and other companies are trying to develop microbes that turn coal, tar shale and oil into methane.

例如，克雷格·文特尔(Craig Venter)的合成基因学说，以及其他一些公司正在试图开发把碳、页岩焦油和原油变为甲烷的微生物。

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Oil shale and tar sands are other sources of liquid fuel that are harder on the environment than petroleum.

NPR: Will Pricey Fuel Prompt Greener Energy Habits?

There must be solutions with less severe tradeoffs than shale gas and tar sands oil.

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Unconventional sources of oil and gas that are set for further exploitation include Canada's tar sands, shale and coal-bed methane deposits around the world.

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